973. 73  J 
N17b 
cop. 2   l 


ILLINOIS  HISTORICAL  SUHBf 


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WITH  DESCRIPTION  OF 
THE  IMPORTANT 
BATTLES  FOUGHT  ALONG 
THESE  LINES  AND 
THE  STORY  OF  THE 
ENGINE      "GENERAL" 

Nashville 
Chattanoogra 
&  St  Louis  Ry. 

and. 

Western.  & 
Atlantic  R.R. 


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OLUMES  would  be  required  to  give  the  details 
of  the  battles  fought  on  that  almost  continu- 
ous battlefield  extending  along  the  lines  of  the 
Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railway 
and  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad  from  north  of 
Chattanooga  all  the  way  to  Atlanta. 

Although  space  does  not  permit  of  any  ex- 
tended description,  the  concise  story  given  here- 
with, of  each  of  the  important  engagements,  will  enable  the 
reader  to  get  a  clear  and  comprehensive  idea  of  this  tremen- 
dous campaign. 

On  these  fields  of  glory  were  fought  some  of  the  most 
desperately  contested  battles  of  the  war,  and  the  memory  of 
the  valor  here  displayed  will  stir  the  blood  and  awaken  the 
patriotism  of  American  citizens  for  generations  to  come  and 
doubtless  also  inspire  them  to  similar  deeds  of  heroism  should 
the  defense  of  their  sacred  rights  require  it. 

The  beauty  of  the  well-kept  grounds,  the  imposing  monu- 
ments commemorating  the  important  events,  and  the  many 
memorial  tablets  explaining  the  various  actions,  make  a  visit 
to  these  battlefields  an  event  of  supreme  interest  and  inspira- 
tion as  well  as  instruction. 


BATTLEFIELDS 

On  and  Near  Lines  of  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis 
Railway  and  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad 

KENTUCKY 

Fort  Anderson,  Paducah    March  25th,  1862 

White  Oak  Ridge,  near  Hickman    August  19th,  1862 

TENNESSEE 

Adamsville  or  Crump's  Landing     April  4th,  1862 

Antioch  Station    April  10th,  1863 

Battle  above  the  Clouds    November  24th,  1863 

Battle  Creek    June  21st,  1862 

Block  House,  No.  2,  Mill  Creek,  Chattanooga December  2d  and  3d,  1864 

Bradyville March  1st,  1 863 

Brentwood   March  25th,  1863 

Calf  killer  Creek     February  23d  and  March  18th,  1864 

Centreville September  29th,  1 864 

Centreville  and  Piney  Factory    November  3d,  1863 

Chattanooga,  Lookout  Mountain,  Orchard  Knob,  and 

Missionary  Ridge   November  23d  to  25th,  1863 

Columbia   September  9th,  1 862 

Elk  River July  14th,  1863 

Farmington October  7th,  1863 

Fort  Donelson.    February  14th,  15th  and  16th,  1862,  and  October  11th,  1864 

Fort  Donelson  and  Cumberland  Iron  Works 

August  2  5th  and  26th,  1862,  and  February  3d,  1863 

Fort  Henry  and  Fort  Hieman    February  6th,  1862 

Fort  Pillow,  naval  engagement    May  10th,  1862 

Captured  by  Confederates    April  13th,  1864 


View  of  Stone's  River  Cemetery,  near  Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 
3,811  Known  and  2,334  Unknown  Interments 


View  of  National  Cemetery,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
8,03  8  Known  and  4,963  Unknown  Interments 

TENNESSEE— Continued 

Franklin     June  4th,  1863;  November  30th  and  December  17th, 

Franklin  and  Harpeth  River   April  10th, 

Franklin  and  Little  Harpeth     March  2  5th, 

Germantown  (east  of  Memphis)    June  2  5th,  1862;  December  5th  to  8th, 

Island  No.  10   April  8th, 

Jackson    July  13  th, 

Jasper    June  4th, 

Jefferson    December  30th, 

Lavergne  Station   October  7th, 

Lexington    December  18th, 

McMinnville    August  30th,  1862,  and  October  3d, 

Manchester     August  29th,  1862,  and  March  17th, 

Memphis,  naval  battle 

June  6th,  1862;  August  21st,  1864,  and  December  14th, 

Monterey  (near  Shiloh)     April  28th,  1862;  May  13th, 

Murfreesboro    July  13th,  1862,  and  December  5th  to  8th, 

Murfreesboro,  or  Stone's  River   .  .  .   December  31st,  1862,  to  January  2d, 

Nashville    March  8th,  1862;  November  5th,  1862;  May  24th, 

Nashville  (in  front  of)      December  1st  to  14th, 

Nashville December  1  5  th  and  16th, 

Paris     March  1 1  th, 

Pittsburg  Landing     March  2d, 

Readyville  or  Round  Hill  (east  of  Murfreesboro)     August  28th, 

Rosecrans'  campaign   from  Murfreesboro  to  Tullahoma,   with  engage- 
ments   at    Middleton,    Hoover's    Gap,    Beech    Grove,    Liberty   Gap, 

and  Gray's  Gap June  23d  to  30th, 

Rover         January  3 1st, 

Rural  Hill    November  1  8th, 


1864 
1863 
1863 
1864 
1862 
1863 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1864 

1864 
1862 
1864 
1863 
1864 
1864 
1864 
1862 
1862 
1862 


1863 
1863 
1862 


TENNESSEE— Continued 

Savannah    April  16th,  1862 

Shiloh,  or  Pittsburg  Landing     April  6th  and  7th,  1862 

Smith's  raid  into  Mississippi     ,, February  10th  to  2  5th,  1864 

Somerville    March  29th,  1863 

Sparta    ....    August  4th,  1862;  August  9th,  1863,  and  November  24th,  1863 

Spring  Hill    November  29th,  1 864- 

Thompson's  Station  and  Spring  Hill    March  4th  and  5th,  1863 

Tracy  City    January  20th,  1864 

Union  City    November  19th,  1863 

Vaught's  Hill March  20th,  1863 

Wauhatchie    October  27th,  1863 

Waverly    October  23d,  1862 

Woodbury January  24th,  1863 

Woodbury  and  Snow  Hill     April  2d  and  3d,  1 863 

GEORGIA 

Adairsville  and  Calhoun    May  17th  and  18th,  1864 

Allatoona  and  Acworth October  4th  and  5th,  1864 

Big  Shanty    June  3d,  October  4th,  1864 

Brush  Mountain    June  20th,  1864 

Cassville May  19th  to  22d,  1864 

Chickamauga    September  19th  to  21st,  1863 

Culps  Farm June  22d,  1864 

Dallas,  New  Hope  Church,  Allatoona  Hills      .  .  .    May  2  5th  to  June  4th,  1864 

Dalton    August  14th  to  16th,  1864,  and  October  13th,  1864 

Graysville November  26th,  1863,  and  August  16th,  1864 

Kennesaw  Mountain  and  Marietta    June  27th  to  July  3d,  1864 

Lay's  or  Tanner's  Ferry    May  1 5  th,  1864 

Lett's  Tan  Yard   September  13th,  1863 


A  View  in  Chickamauga  Park 


Entrance  to  the  National  Cemetery  on  the  Top 
of  Lookout  Mountain 


GEORGIA — Continued 

Mill  Creek  Gap  and  Buzzard  Roost    May  5th  to  12th,  1864 

Nickajack  Trace    April  23d,  1  864 

Pickett's  Mills    May  27th,  1 864 

Red  Clay May  3d,  1864 

Resaca May  13th  to  16th,  1864,  and  October  12th,  1864 

Ringgold September  11th,  1863 

Ringgold  and  Taylor's  Ridge    November  27th,  1  863 

Rocky  Face  Ridge,  including  Tunnel  Hill    May  5th  to  9th,  1864 

Rome  and  Kingston May  18th,  1864 

Ruffs    July  3d,  1 864 

Smyrna July  2d  to  5th,  1864 

Tunnel  Hill     November  28th,  1863;  January  28th,  1864 

Tunnel  Hill  and  Rocky  Face    February  23d  to  27th,  1864 

Varnel's  Station    May  9th,  1  864 

Atlanta  and  Vicinity 

Atlanta    July  22d,  1 864 

Battle  of  Atlanta    November  9th,  1864 

Chattahoochee  River    .  . July  5th  to  10th,  1864 

Decatur July  22d,  1 864 

Ezra  Church    July  28th,  1864 

Fall  of  Atlanta    September  2d,  1 864 

Jonesboro August  3  1st  and  September  1st,  1864 

Lovejoy  Station    September  2d  to  6th,  1  864 

Lovejoy  Station  and  Bear  Creek  Station    November  16th,  1864 

PeachTree  Creek  ...  July  20th,  1  864 

Siege  of  Atlanta    July  28th  to  September  2d,  1864 


ALABAMA 

Bridgeport    April  29th,  1862 

Huntsville     April  1 1th,  1 862 


General  U.  S.  Grant 


General  Robert  E.  Lee 


BATTLE  OF  MURFREESBORO 

December  31,  1862 — January  3,  1863 

On  December  26,  1862,  General  Rosecrans,  in  command 
of  the  Federal  forces  at  Nashville,  commenced  his  advance 
upon  the  position  of  General  Bragg,  about  two  miles  in  front 
of  Murfreesboro.  The  constant  skirmishing  and  unexpected 
attacks  of  the  Confederate  cavalry,  ably  supported  by  three 
brigades  of  infantry  and  three  batteries  of  artillery,  delayed 
the  advance  of  the  Federals  four  days  in  reaching  the  battle- 
field, about  twenty-six  miles  distant.  By  Tuesday  morning, 
December  30th,  Brig. -General  Wheeler,  with  his  cavalry,  had 
gained  the  rear  of  Rosecrans'  army,  and  succeeded  in  captur- 
ing several  hundred  prisoners  and  destroying  hundreds  of 
wagons  loaded  with  supplies  and  baggage.  After  clearing  the 
road  he  made  his  way  entirely  around  the  enemy  and  joined 
the  Confederate  left. 

As  General  Rosecrans  made  no  demonstrations  on  the  30th, 
General  Bragg  determined  to  assail  him  early  on  Wednesday 
morning,  the  31st,  by  a  constant  wheel  to  the  right,  the  ob- 
ject being  to  force  the  Federals  back  on  Stone's  River,  and, 
if  possible,  cut  him  off  from  his  base  of  supplies  at  Nashville. 
On  the  night  of  the  30th  both  lines  were  bivouacked  at  a 
distance  of  not  more  than  500  yards  from  each  other,  the 
camp-fires  of  the  two  being  within  distinct  view.  About  6.30 
in  the  morning  the  rattle  of  musketry  and  the  roar  of  artil- 
lery announced  the  beginning  of  the  conflict.  The  Federals 
were  taken  completely  by  surprise.  Officers  were  not  mounted, 
artillery  horses  not  hitched  and  infantry  not  formed,  and  a 
hot  and  inviting  breakfast  was  found  upon  the  fires  unserved. 
After  a  sharp  conflict  the  right  of  General  Rosecrans'  army 
was  forced  back  more  or  less  rapidly  until  his  line  was  thrown 
entirely  back  at  right  angles  to  his  first  position  and  near  the 
railroad,  along  which  he  massed  reserves.  Both  armies  fought 
desperately  and  there  were  heavy  losses  on  both  sides.  Brig.- 
General  Sill  was  killed  in  this  engagement.  By  night  the 
Federals  had  been  forced  from  every  position  except  the  one 
on  their  extreme  left  flank,  resting  on  Stone's  River,  and 
covered  bv  a  concentration  of  artillery  of  superior  range  and 
calibre,  which  bid  defiance  to  all  the  attacks  of  the  Confeder- 
ates and  appeared  too  formidable  for  continued  assault. 

Thursday  was  passed  without  an  important  movement  on 
either  side.  That  night  a  division  of  the  Federal  army  quietly 
crossed  over  Stone's  River  unopposed  and  established  them- 
selves on  an  eminence  from  which  the  right  center  of  General 

10 


Bragg's  army  was  both  commanded  and  enfiladed.  The  dis- 
lodgement  of  this  force  or  the  withdrawal  of  the  Confederate 
right  was  necessary.  Accordingly  Maj. -General  Breckenridge 
was  instructed  to  drive  the  enemy  back,  crown  the  hill,  in- 
trench his  artillery  and  hold  the  position.  The  contest  was 
short  and  severe;  the  eminence  was  gained,  but  the  move- 
ment as  a  whole  was  a  failure,  as  the  position  was  again 
yielded.  On  Saturday  morning,  the  3d,  General  Bragg  decided 
to  fall  back  to  Tullahoma,  his  forces  having  been  in  line  of 
battle  for  five  days  and  nights,  with  but  little  rest,  having 


Monument  to  General  Hazen,  Erected  on  Stone's  River 
Battlefield,  near  Murfreesboro 


no  reserves.  The  weather  had  been  severe  from  cold  and  al- 
most constant  rain,  and  their  baggage  had  been  packed  in  the 
wagons  and  were  four  miles  away.  Rain  continued  without 
intermission  all  day  Saturday,  and  the  river  was  rapidly  rising. 
Information  had  also  been  received  that  heavy  re-enforcements 
were  coming  to  Rosecrans  by  a  rapid  transfer  of  all  troops 
from  Kentucky.  For  these  reasons  orders  were  given  about 
noon  for  the  movement  of  the  trains,  and  the  army  was  with- 
drawn in  good  order.  Early  Monday  morning,  General  Rose- 
crans occupied  Murfreesboro,  taking  position  in  front  of  the 
town.  The  number  of  men  engaged  in  this  battle,  as  reported 
by  the  respective  commanders,  is  as  follows:  Federal,  men 
engaged    45,000,    loss     13,249;    Confederate,     men    engaged 


37,712,  loss  10,266.  A  tall  white 
shaft,  erected  to  commemorate  the 
Battle  of  Murfreesbpro,  can  be  seen 
from  the  train  on  the  east  side  of  the 
railroad,  about  half  a  mile  distant,  op- 
posite the  National  Cemetery,  near 
Murfreesboro.  The  inscription  on  this 
monument  bears  testimony  to  the  aw- 
ful carnage  of  that  terrible  conflict. 
It  reads  as  follows: 

"On  Jan.  2nd,  1863, 
at  3.00  p.  m.,  there  were 
stationed  on  this  hill 
fifty-eight  cannons, 
commanding  the  field 
across  the  river,  and  as 
the  Confederates 
advanced  over  this  field, 
the  shot  and  shell  from  these  guns  resulted  in  a  loss  of  eighteen 
hundred  killed  and  wounded  in  less  than  an  hour." 

The  idea  of  erecting  this  monument  to  the  memory  of  the 
heroes  of  the  Battle  of  Murfreesboro  was  conceived  by  Major 
John  W.  Thomas,  President  of  the  N.  C.  &  St.  L.  Railway, 
just  prior  to  his  death,  shortly  after  which  it  was  erected  by 
the  railway  at  point  selected,  and  from  plans  that  had  been 
outlined  by  him. 


General  Joseph  E.  Johnston 

12 


BATTLE  OF  FRANKLIN 

November  30,  1864 

The  battle  of  Franklin  was  one  of  the  most  desperate  and 
sanguinary  battles  of  the  Civil  War,  the  loss  in  generals  far 
exceeding  that  of  any  of  the  other  great  battles.  General 
Schofield,  commanding  the  Federal  army,  was  on  his  way  from 
Pulaski,  via  Columbia,  to  join  General  Thomas  at  Nashville. 
General  Hood,  commanding  the  Confederate  forces,  hoped  by 
a  rapid  march  from  Florence,  Ala.,  to  intercept  and  destroy 
General  Schoneld's  army  before  the  latter  could  accomplish 
his  purpose.  Both  armies  met  at  Columbia,  the  Federals  oc- 
cupying the  town.  Hood  made  no  attack,  but  began  at  once 
to  cross  Duck  River  a  few  miles  above.  His  plan  was  made 
known  to  General  Schofield,  who  moved  his  whole  command 
to  the  north  side  of  the  river  and  recommenced  his  march  to 
Nashville.  By  3.00  p.m.  of  the  29th  the  main  body  of  the 
Confederate  army  had  succeeded  in  crossing  the  river  and  were 
within  two  or  three  miles  of  Spring  Hill  and  in  full  view  of 
the  enemy's  wagons  and  men  passing  at  double-quick  along 
the  pike  from  Columbia  to  Franklin.  Orders  were  at  once 
issued  by  General  Hood  for  the  leading  corps  to  take  posses- 
sion of  and  hold  the  pike  at  or  near  Spring  Hill,  but  for  some 
reason  his  orders  were  not  carried  out.  The  Confederates 
went  into  bivouac  in  sight  of  the  pike,  and  the  Federals  passed 
them  during  the  night,  almost  under  the  light  of  their  camp- 


ifiiti 


General  William  T.  Sherman 
13 


fires.  The  next  day  found  General  Schofield  strongly  en- 
trenched in  front  of  Franklin.  Hood  thereupon  determined 
to  retreive  the  lost  opportunity  by  one  grand  and  supreme  ef- 
fort to  overtake  and  rout  him,  and  drive  him  into  the  Big 
Harpeth  River  at  Franklin.  Consequently,  at  dawn  on  the 
30th,  the  troops  were  put  in  motion  with  orders  to  march  as 
rapidly  as  possible.  Franklin  is  situated  in  a  bend  of  the  Big 
Harpeth  River,  and  the  line  of  defense  selected  by  General 
Schofield  was  a  half-circle,  the  center  guarding  the  Columbia 
pike,  with  both  flanks  resting  on  the  river.  The  whole  ground 
in  front  of  his  line  sloped  gently,  and  every  part  of  it  could 
be  plainly  seen  from  the  works.  On  came  the  Confederates 
with  their  wild  "rebel  yell,"  as  steady  and  resistless  as  a  tidal 
wave,  sweeping  before  them  two  brigades  of  Federals  that 
had  been  left  on  a  knoll  to  retard  their  advance.  The  surging 
mass  charged  on  to  the  very  works  through  a  rain  of  bullets. 
The  Federal  center  gave  way  near  the  Columbia  pike,  and 
through  the  gap  poured  the  Confederates.  The  result  was  a 
desperate  hand-to-hand  encounter,  the  combatants  endeavor- 
ing to  club  one  another  with  their  muskets.  It  is  reported 
that  soldiers  were  even  dragged  from  one  side  of  the  breast- 
works to  the  other  by  men  reaching  over  and  seizing  them 
by  the  hair  or  collar.  At  this  critical  moment  a  brigade  of 
Federals  gallantly  charged  and  restored  the  line,  capturing 
about  seven  hundred  Confederate  troops  within  the  entrench- 
ments. An  osage  orange  hedge  on  the  Federal  left  broke  the 
full  force  of  the  Confederate  charge,  as  they  could  not  get 
through  it,  and  their  men  went  down  before  the  Federal  fire 
like  leaves  in  the  fall  of  the  year. 

Thus  the  battle  raged  until  darkness  put  an  end  to  the 
terrible  struggle  that  began  about  4.00  p.m.  Schofield  with- 
drew during  the  night,  leaving  his  dead  and  wounded  on  the 
field. 

The  following  Confederate  generals  were  killed  in  this 
engagement:  Cleburne,  Granberry,  Adams,  Gist,  Strahl  and 
Carter;  five  others  were  wounded  and  one  captured. 

The  best  estimate  that  can  be  made  of  the  number  of  men 
engaged  is  as  follows:  Federals  about  28,000,  loss  about  2,300; 
Confederates  about  22,000,  loss  about  6,200.  Two  divisions 
of  Lee's  corps,  C.  S.  A.,  did  not  arrive  in  time  to  take  part 
in  the  battle. 


15 


BATTLE  OF  NASHVILLE 

December  15  and  16,  1864 

The  battle  of  Nashville  was  the  most  important  battle 
that  was  fought  along  the  line  of  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga 
&  St.  Louis  Railway  west  of  Chattanooga,  with  the  exception 
of  the  battle  of  Stone's  River.  The  Federal  troops,  consisting 
of  about  55,000  men,  under  command  of  Maj. -General  George 
H.  Thomas,  occupied  the  heights  within  and  immediately  sur- 
rounding the  city.  The  Confederate  army,  about  23,000  ef- 
fective men,  under  command  of  General  J.  B.  Hood,  took 
position  on  the  next  range  of  hills  in  front  of  the  city,  their 
main  line .  extending  from  the  Nolensville  pike,  across  the 
Franklin  and  Granny  White  pikes,  to  the  hills  south  and 
southwest  of  the  city,  with  cavalry  on  either  flank  extending 
to  the  river.  Both  armies  were  icebound  for  a  week  prior 
to  the  14th  of  December. 

On  the  morning  of  the  15  th  the  Federals  simultaneously 
attacked  both  flanks  of  the  Confederate  army,  their  intention 
being  to  make  a  heavy  demonstration  on  Hood's  right,  cause 
him  to  draw  re-enforcements  from  his  center  and  left,  and 
then  press  his  left  flank  severely  and  gain  possession  of  the 
rear,  cutting  off  retreat  to  Franklin.  The  movement  was 
partially  successful,  as  the  Confederate  left  was  forced  back 
into  a  new  position.  In  his  report  of  the  battle  General 
Thomas  says  that  the  total  result  of  the  day's  operations  was 
the  capture  of  sixteen  pieces  of  artillery  and  1,200  prisoners, 
besides  several  hundred  stand  of  small  arms  and  about  forty 
wagons. 

Early  on  the  morning  of  the  16th  the  Federals  commenced 
a  general  attack  on  the  entire  Confederate  line,  but  were  re- 
pulsed with  heavy  loss  until  about  3.30  p.m.,  when  the  Con- 
federate left  center  gave  way,  causing  in  a  few  moments  the 
entire  line  to  give  way  at  all  points,  and  the  forces  to  retire 
in  complete  disorder  down  the  pike  in  the  direction  of  Frank- 
lin. The  Confederate  loss  in  artillery  was  heavy — 54  guns — 
which  was  occasioned  by  the  fact  that  the  horses  were  sent 
to  the  rear  for  safety  and  the  giving  way  of  the  line  was  so 
sudden  that  it  was  impossible  to  bring  forward  the  horses  to 
move  the  guns. 

At  Brentwood,  about  four  miles  from  the  line  of  battle, 
the  troops  were  somewhat  collected,  encamping  in  the  vicinity 
for  the  night. 

16 


It  is  impossible  to  ascertain  with  any  degree  of  accuracy 
the  total  loss  on  either  side,  but  it  is  estimated  that  Hood  lost 
about  5,500,  and  Thomas  about  3,057.  The  Confederates, 
hard  pressed,  were  forced  back  across  the  Tennessee  River. 

After  the  firm  possession  of  Nashville  early  in  1862,  and 
the  subsequent  battle  of  Stone's  River,  the  objective  of  the 
Federal  army  was  Chattanooga.  This  involved,  first,  the 
forcing  of  the  Confederate  army  from  middle  Tennessee,  and 
next,  a  campaign  against  Chattanooga  itself. 

Chickamauga  was  the  battle  for  that  objective. 

The  subsequent  battle  of  Chattanooga,  which  embraced 
Orchard  Knob,  Lookout  Mountain,  and  Missionary  Ridge, 
defeated  Bragg's  purpose  to  regain  possession  of  that  city. 

Chattanooga  was  the  gateway  through  the  Cumberland 
Mountains  for  the  Union  army  to  the  Atlantic  seaboard  states. 

For  the  Confederates  it  was  a  railway  center  of  immense 
importance.  It  occupied  the  intersection  of  nearly  all  their 
trunk  lines. 


17 


The  First  Gun  at  Chickamauga,  Sept.  18,  1863.    The  Confederates 

Opening  Fire  Upon  the  Federal  Cavalry,  Who  Had  Begun 

the  Destruction  of  Reed's  Bridge 


BATTLE  OF  CHICKAMAUGA 

September  18,  19,  20  and  21,  1863 

On  the  18  th  of  September,  1863,  was  fired  the  first  gun 
of  what  is  known  as  the  great  battle  of  Chickamauga.  The 
position  of  the  two  armies  that  morning,  in  brief,  was  as  fol- 
lows: 

Rosecrans  occupied  the  northwest  bank  of  West  Chick- 
amauga Creek,  his  line  extending  its  sinuous  course  for  a 
dozen  miles  or  more,  guarding  all  the  fords,  bridges,  or  other 
places  of  transit,  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  a  crossing  by 
the  Confederate  army.  The  Confederates  were  on  the  south- 
east side  of  the  creek,  which  is  very  muddy  and  generally  quite 
deep;  and  Bragg's  idea  was  to  force  his  way  over,  at  various 
points,  and  fight  the  battle  on  the  Chattanooga  side  of  the 
creek.  At  Reed's  Bridge,  in  Catoosa  County,  Ga.,  some  seven 
miles  west  of  Ringgold,  a  detachment  of  Michigan  cavalry 
was  stationed,  with  orders  to  prevent  any  advance  by  the 
Confederates.  Having  been  there  for  a  day  or  more,  their 
commander  determined,  that  morning,  to  send  about  two  hun- 
dred mounted  men  across  the  bridge,  for  the  purpose  of 
reconnoissance,  and  developing  the  Confederate  position.  At 
the  same  time  he  ordered  that  the  planks  be  loosened,  so  that, 

18 


when  the  cavalry  returned,  these  could  be  dropped  into  the 
creek,  and  the  bridge  thus  practically  destroyed.  The  detach- 
ment crossed  the  stream,  as  ordered,  and  the  work  of  loosen- 
ing the  planks  was  commenced  by  the  others. 

The  scouting  party,  however,  had  scarcely  begun  deploy- 
ing on  the  east  side  of  the  creek  before  the  Confederates,  who 
had  been  watching  them  some  couple  of  hundred  yards  dis- 
tant, at  the  edge  of  the  woods  on  the  summit  of  the  elevation 
rising  from  the  bridge,  opened  fire  from  a  couple  of  pieces  of 
artillery.  The  very  first  discharge  secured  the  range  of  the 
bridge,  and  a  bombshell  exploding  upon  it,  knocked  up  some 
of  the  planks,  and  killed  one  man  and  wounded  two  others. 
Almost  at  the  same  instant  a  volley  of  musketry  was  fired 
from  the  same  position.  The  work  of  destruction  of  the 
bridge  by  the  Federals  instantly  ceased,  and  there  was  a  stam- 
pede for  cover  to  the  forest  near  by.  The  detachment  of  cav- 
alry on  the  east  bank,  seeing  the  folly  of  attempting  to  cross 
the  bridge  under  a  raking  fire,  galloped  northeastward,  down 
the  creek,  endeavoring  to  find  some  other  crossing  place. 
After  going  about  a  mile  and  a  half  and  finding  no  regular 
ford,  they  swam  their  horses  through  the  stream,  and  thus 
escaped.     In  the  meantime   the  Confederates   charged  across 


The  Snodgrass  House,  Chickamauga,  Round  Which  the  Battle 
Waged  Long  and  Fiercely 


19 


The  Kelly  House,  Another  of  the  Familiar  Marks  of 
Chickamauga  Battlefield 


the  bridge,  dispersed  the  cavalry,  and  immediately  downward, 
toward  Alexander's  Bridge,  about  one  mile  and  a  half  distant, 
and,  after  quite  a  struggle,  possession  of  this  was  also  secured. 
Later  on  during  the  day  crossing  was  effected  at  several  other 
points.  Accordingly  the  next  morning  found  Bragg's  army, 
in  line  of  battle,  on  the  northwest  side  of  West  Chickamauga 
Creek.  The  struggle  then  began,  which  continued  with  such 
desperate  fury,  and  resulted  in  such  distressing  carnage  to 
both  sides,  during  the  next  three  days. 

Bragg's  object  seems  to  have  been  to  crush  Rosecrans'  left 
wing,  and  secure  possession  of  the  road  leading  through  Mis- 
sionary Ridge,  via  Rossville,  to  Chattanooga.  The  result  of 
the  battle  is  well  known.  Rosecrans'  army  was  routed  and 
driven  back  to  Chattanooga;  and,  but  for  the  stand  which 
General  Thomas  took  on  Snodgrass  Hill,  and  his  heroic  de- 
fense of  that  position,  and  the  check  which  he  gave  to  the 
Confederates  at  that  point,  the  defeat  of  Rosecrans  would  have 
been  a  crushing  one,  and  the  sweep  of  the  Confederate  ad- 
vance may  have  extended  back  to  Kentucky,  and  have  almost 
changed  the  fate  of  the  war.  "But  great  battles  are  fought 
behind  the  Stars." 

20 


The  struggle  at  Snodgrass  Hill  was  desperate  and  bloody 
in  the  extreme,  and  was  characterized  as  being  "unquestion- 
ably one  of  the  most  terrific  musketry  duels  ever  witnessed;" 
but  Thomas,  having  been  re-enforced  by  Granger  and  Stead- 
man,  who  had  moved,  without  orders,  to  join  him,  held  this 
position  until  all  the  rest  of  the  Federal  line  of  battle  had  been 
routed,  and  only  retreated  on  the  evening  of  the  20th,  under 
orders  from  General  Rosecrans  himself. 

The  strength  of  Rosecrans'  army,  during  the  three  days' 
struggle,  was  64,392.  Bragg  opened  with  3  3,583  the  first 
day;  but  during  the  second  was  re-enforced  by  Longstreet's 
corps,  which  had  just  arrived  from  Virginia,  and  which  made 
his  total  force  engaged  47,321. 


General  Thomas  and  Staff,  on  Point  Lookout 
Lookout  Mountain,  in  1863 

21 


General  Grant  and  Staff  on  Lookout  Mountain  in  1863 

The  battle  of  Chickamauga  was  a  Confederate  victory  but 
at  the  fearful  cost  of  about  21,000  men  killed,  wounded  and 
made  prisoners.  The  Federals  lost  about  19,000  men.  General 
Lytle,  author  of  "I  Am  Dying,  Egypt,  Dying,"  a  poet  of  con- 
siderable reputation  as  well  as  a  gallant  soldier,  was  killed  in 
this  battle. 

As  a  result  of  this  battle,  the  Federal  army  was  driven 
back  into  Chattanooga,  and  the  Confederates  occupied  Mis- 


Market  Street,  Chattanooga,  in  1863 

22 


sionary  Ridge  and  Lookout  Mountain,  from  which  latter  they 
could  overlook  Chattanooga,  and  by  the  possession  of  which 
they  were  enabled  to  break  Rosecrans'  communications  by 
rail  with  Nashville.  Thus  matters  continued  for  two  months, 
during  which  there  was  great  suffering  among  the  Federal 
soldiery  in  Chattanooga,  on  account  of  the  difficulty  in  get- 
ting provisions,  stores,  etc.,  across  the  country  in  wagons. 


"BATTLE  ABOVE  THE  CLOUDS" 

(Lookout  Mountain) 
November  24,  1863 

During  the  forenoon  of  November  24th,  Hooker's  corps, 
covered  by  the  fire  of  heavy  guns  on  Moccasin  Point,  climbed 
through  the  clouds,  concealing  its  movements,  up  the  sides  of 
Lookout  Mountain,  which  was  held  by  Walthall's  brigade  of 
Confederates.  The  Confederate  force,  during  the  early  por- 
tion of  the  fight,  consisted  of  1,489  men.  During  the  evening 
they  received  re-enforcements  of  about  600  more.  The  fight 
continued  fiercely,  amid  the  thick  mists  which  completely  en- 
veloped the  steep  and  craggy  heights,  until  about  2:00  o'clock 
a.m.,  November  25th,  when  the  mountain  was  abandoned  by 
the  Confederates,  who  retired  in  comparatively  good  order 
down  its  sides,  across  Chattanooga  Creek  Valley  to  Mission- 
ary Ridge.  Several  hundred  of  the  Confederates,  however, 
were  cut  off  and  captured. 


BATTLE  OF  MISSIONARY  RIDGE 

November  25,  1863 
This  was  a  great  Federal  victory,  which  raised  the  siege  of 
Chattanooga  and  forced  the  Confederates  out  of  Tennessee. 
Grant's  army  consisted  of  about  72,000  men,  and  Bragg's 
35,000.  Federal  loss,  about  753  killed,  4,722  wounded,  349 
missing.  Confederate  loss,  about  361  killed,  2,180  wounded, 
4,146  missing.  The  evolutions  of  the  Federal  army  in  the 
plain  below  were  described  by  the  Confederates  as  being  as 
regular  as  dress  parade.  Their  assault  was  impetuous,  but  for 
several  hours  it  appeared  as  if  the  Confederates  would  hold 
their  position.  Sherman's  attack  upon  the  Confederate  right 
met  a  repulse  at  the  hands  of  the  lion-hearted  Cleburne.  The 
assault  was  renewed  with  desperate  energy,  but  again  Cleburne 
held  his  own  against  fearful  odds.  About  4:00  p.m.  the 
Confederates   were   driven   from   the   Ridge.      General   Bragg 

23 


24 


withdrew  his  army  into  Georgia,  thus  the  great  game  of  war 
chess  at  Chattanooga  was  ended.  Immediately  after  this, 
General  Sherman  began  his  famous  march  to  the  sea. 

There  were  two  incidents  of  these  battles  that  have  be- 
come especially  famous.  The  first  was  the  gallant  stand  made 
by  General  Thomas  after  the  rout  of  the  right  wing  of  the 
Federal  army  at  Chickamauga.  For  several  hours  he  stood  at 
bay  against  overwhelming  numbers,  and  by  his  action  saved 
the  army  from  destruction.  The  second  was  Hooker's  "Battle 
Above  the  Clouds,"  since  celebrated  in  song  and  story. 


Afapofihe 


25 


27 


BATTLE  OF  RINGGOLD 

November  27,  1863 

Desperate  fight  between  Hooker's  corps  of  Grant's  army 
and  Cleburne's  division  of  Confederates,  who  were  posted  in 
the  ravine  through  which  the  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad 
runs,  south  of  Ringgold,  and  on  the  steep  ridge  through  which 
the  ravine  runs.  Besides  a  very  hot  fire  of  musketry  and 
artillery,  the  Confederates  rolled  huge  stones  down  the  hill- 
sides among  the  advancing  assailants,  causing  great  confusion 


MAP  OF 

DALTON 


29 


3  0 


m  mm  '»fi|§|if 


33 


34 


and  dismay.  Hooker  was  repulsed  with  considerable  loss,  and 
the  pursuit  of  Bragg's  army  by  the  Federals  was  checked  by 
Cleburne's  vigorous  resistance. 

Considering  the  disastrous  defeat  of  the  Confederate  army 
two  days  before  at  Missionary  Ridge,  and  the  demoralization 
naturally  to  be  expected  therefrom,  this  was  one  of  the  gamest 
fights  of  the  entire  war.  Pat  Cleburne  was  one  of  the  most 
adroit  commanders  and  pluckiest  fighters  among  Confederate 
generals.  It  was  an  overwhelming  evidence  of  not  only  his 
audacity  and  skill  as  a  leader,  but  also  of  the  confidence  with 
which  he  inspired  his  men. 


3S 


illlll 


36 


BATTLE  OF  TUNNEL  HILL 

November  28,  1863 
Very  spirited  fight  between  several  brigades  of  Grant's 
army  and  a  detachment  of  Bragg's.  The  Confederates  took 
position  near  the  Tunnel  and  repulsed  the  Federals,  with  a 
loss  to  the  latter,  as  General  Sherman  says,  of  "many  valuable 
lives." 

BATTLE  OF  RESACA 

May  9,  1864 

Fight  between  General  Canty's  two  brigades  of  Mississippi- 
ans  and  McPherson's  army  of  23,000  men  who  were  attempt- 
ing to  seize  the  town  and  railroad  bridge.  McPherson  was 
repulsed  and  fell  back  three  miles,  and  entrenched  near  Snake 
Creek  Gap. 

BATTLE  OF  RESACA 

May  15,  1864 

Heavy  fighting  along  the  whole  line  all  day.  Great 
bravery  shown  on  both  sides.  Hood's  hospitals  east  of  the 
town  captured,  but  retaken  by  the  Confederates.  Late  in  the 
afternoon  there  was  a  desperate  struggle  north  of  the  town 
between  Hood's  and  Hooker's  corps,  without  decisive  results. 
The  fighting  was  directly  across  the  track  of  the  Western  & 
Atlantic  Railroad,  and  the  Confederates  were  sheltered  for 
a  while  in  the  railroad  cut.  The  battle  was  characterized  by 
charges  and  countercharges  across  the  thickly  wooded  ra- 
vines. Hooker's  loss  was  1,646,  Hood's  was  considerably  less. 
During  the  night,  ascertaining  that  a  heavy  force  of  Federals 
had  crossed  the  Oostanaula  River  at  Lay's  (or  Tanner's) 
Ferry,  three  miles  west  of  Calhoun,  Johnston  evacuated 
Resaca. 

BATTLE  OF  KENNESAW  MOUNTAIN 

June  27,  1864 

On  the  27th  day  of  June,  1864,  occurred  the  great  and 
famous  battle  of  Kennesaw  Mountain,  which  was  probably 
the  distinctive  battle  fought  between  Dalton  and  Atlanta, 
of  the  Atlanta  campaign,  and  one  which  will  ever  hold  its 
position  on  the  page  of  history  as  being  one  which  conferred 
imperishable  lustre  upon  the  valor  of  American  soldiery.  The 
attack  of  the  Federals  was  made  with  vigor,  pluck  and  per- 
sistence, and  was  met  with  such  courage  and  fortitude  by  the 

37 


38 


Confederates  as  alone  could  have  made  the  efforts  of  their 
antagonists  futile. 

The  attack  upon  the  Confederate  right,  which  lay  east  of 
Kennesaw  Mountain  and  just  at  the  present  station  of  Eliza- 
bath  on  the  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  was  made  by  Logan's 
corps,  formed  in  three  lines,  and  was  supported  by  Blair  and 
Dodge.  Nelson's  12  th  Louisiana  occupied  a  strong  line  of 
rifle  pits  in  front  of  them,  and  held  their  position  until  the 
first  Federal  ranks  had  approached  within  twenty-five  paces. 
They  then  retired  to  the  Confederate  line  of  battle.  The 
Federal  troops  advanced  steadily.  A  destructive  fire  was 
opened  by  the  Confederates  from  their  entrenchments.  For 
an  hour  the  Federals  held  their  position,  unable  to  advance 
and  reluctant  to  retreat.  Logan  then  ordered  them  to  retire 
to  the  line  of  rifle  pits  which  they  had  first  captured. 

After  the  repulse  of  the  second  assault  before  General 
Cleburne's  entrenchments,  the  dry  leaves  and  dead  wood  were 
set  on  fire  by  the  bombshells  and  gun  wadding,  and  burned 


40 


rapidly  around  the  Federal  wounded.  This  horrible  scene  was 
observed  by  the  Confederates,  and  they  were  ordered  to  sus- 
pend further  battle  until  the  Federals  could  carry  off  their 
wounded,  who  were  in  danger  of  being  burned  alive. 

Thus  the  Federal  wounded  were  rescued  from  such  an 
awful  fate. 

in  this  great  battle  the  Federal  army  numbered  about  one 
hundred  thousand  men.  The  Confederates  had  about  fifty- 
five  thousand  troops.  The  Confederate  loss  in  killed  and 
wounded  was  eight  hundred  and  eight  men.  The  loss  of  the 
Federals  has  never  been  exactly  reported,  but  it  is  conceded 
that  it  went  up  into  the  thousands. 

General  Sherman,  after  some  three  hours,  withdrew  the 
Federals'  shattered  battalions  from  all  points  of  assault  at 
Kennesaw  Mountain  and  ordered  a  movement  down  the  valley 
of  Olley's  Creek,  toward  Chattahoochee  River. 

General  Johnston,  knowing  that  General  Sherman's  move- 
ment to  the  south  would  result  in  breaking  his  communica- 


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42 


tion  with  Atlanta,  evacuated  Kennesaw  Mountain  and  Mari- 
etta on  July  1  and  2,  1864.  From  Marietta,  Johnston  fell 
back  to  a  new  position  which  had  been  prepared  by  Colonel 
Prestman.  After  fighting  at  Ruffs,  Smyrna  and  Chatthoochee 
River,  the  great  battles  were  fought  around  Atlanta,  and 
Hood  was  appointed  to  succeed  Johnston. 


BATTLE  OF  MARIETTA 

July  3,  1864 

While  the  Confederates  were  evacuating  the  position  about 
Marietta  and  Kennesaw  Mountain,  a  portion  of  Ward's  divi- 
sion of  Federals,  with  a  battery,  had  a  fight  with  the  Con- 
federate cavalry  about  a  mile  and  a  quarter  west  of  Marietta, 
on  the  Powder  Spring  road.  The  Confederates  soon  retreated. 
The  Federals,  pursuing,  were  checked  by  the  fire  of  two  Con- 
federate batteries  which  covered  the  retreat. 


BATTLE  OF  ATLANTA 

July  22,  1864 

A  general  assault  by  the  Confederate  army  upon  the 
Federals  who  were  entrenching  on  the  north  and  east  sides 
of  the  city  of  Atlanta.  There  was  bloody  fighting,  and  the 
losses  were  quite  heavy.  The  Federal  Major-General  James  B. 
McPherson,  commander  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  and 
the  Confederate  Major-General  William  H.  T.  Walker,  were 
killed.  The  Federal  army  held  possession  of  the  field,  and  it 
was  substantially  a  victory  for  that  side. 


BATTLE  OF  ACWORTH 

October  4,  1864 

Fight  between  the  Federal  garrison  at  Acworth  and  a 
detachment  of  the  Confederates  under  General  Loring.  After 
a  considerable  struggle  the  Federals,  numbering  250  men, 
surrendered.     The  Confederates  here  captured  also  a  section 

of  an  artillery  battery. 

■r    -r    1 

BATTLE  OF  BIG  SHANTY 

October  4,  1864 
A  combat  between  the  Confederates,  under  General  Stew- 
art, and  the  Federal  garrison.     After  a  short  resistance  the 
Federals  surrendered   170  prisoners,  army  stores,  etc. 

43 


44 


BATTLE  OF  ALLATOONA 

October  5,  1864 

Desperate  attack  by  the  Confederates  upon  the  two  re- 
doubts on  the  ridge  overlooking  the  Western  &  Atlantic  Rail- 
road track  through  Allatoona  Pass  below.  Fighting  continued 
from  8.00  a.m.  to  1.30  p.m.,  with  great  vigor.  The  Con- 
federates drove  the  Federals  from  the  outside  parapets  and 
ditches  into  the  redoubts  overlooking  the  railroad  cut;  but 
after  a  furious  combat  were  at  length  compelled  to  give  over 
the  attempt  by  reason  of  the  failure  of  their  ammunition, 
and  retired,  on  ascertaining  that  Cox's  division  of  Sherman's 
army  was  rapidly  approaching  from  the  South,  and  was  near 
at  hand. 


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46 


General  Corse  commanded  the  forces  defending  the  "natu- 
ral fortress  of  Altoona,"  and  had  1,944  men  in  the  forts. 
General  French  had  about  2,900  Confederates.  Corse  lost 
707  men;  French  lost  799.  Considering  the  numbers  engaged 
in  this  battle,  it  was  one  of  the  most  desperate  recorded  in 
American  history.  One  regiment  of  Federals  (the  39th 
Iowa)   sustained  170  casualties  out  of  280  men. 

One  of  the  most  thrilling  episodes  of  the  contest  was  the 
struggle  over  the  flag  of  the  foregoing  regiment.  The  Con- 
federates seized  the  colors  and  the  Federals  held  to  the  staff, 
and  a  wild  hand-to-hand  melee  ensued,  which  resulted  in  the 
Confederates  tearing  the  colors  from  the  staff.  They  carried 
these  away  with  them  when  they  finally  retreated.    See  page  2. 

The  evening  before  the  battle,  General  Corse  received  a 
signal  message  sent  by  General  Sherman  from  the  summit 
of  Kennesaw  Mountain  "through  the  sky"  and  over  the  heads 
of  the  Confederate  forces,  instructing  him  to  hasten  from 
Rome  and  take  command  of  the  fort  on  Allatoona  heights, 
overlooking  the  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  and  maintain 
the  position.  After  the  war,  the  evangelist,  P.  P.  Bliss,  to 
whom  the  circumstance  of  "the  signal  messages  through  the 
sky"  was  narrated,  caught  therefrom  the  inspiration  for  the 
stirring  song,  "Hold  the  Fort,  for  I  Am  Coming."  He  wrote 
it  on  the  night  after  he  first  heard  the  story,  and  sang  it  in 
the  "Tabernacle"  in  Chicago  the  next  day. 

Ho!  my  comrades,  see  the  signal 

Waving  in  the  sky, 
Re-enforcements  now  appearing, 

Victory  is  nigh! 

"Hold  the  fort,  for  I  am  coming," 

Jesus  signals  still; 
Wave  the  answer  back  to  heaven, 
"By  thy  grace,  we  will." 

See  the  glorious  banner  waving, 

Hear  the  bugle  blow, 
In  our  Leader's  name  we'll  triumph 

Over  every  foe. 

"Hold  the  fort,"  etc. 

Fierce  and  long  the  battle  rages, 

But  our  help  is  near; 
Onward  comes  our  Great  Commander, 

Cheer,  my  comrades,  cheer! 

"Hold  the  fort,"  etc. 

47 


The  most  characteristic  memorial  of  the  bloody  struggle 
at  Allatoona  Pass  is  the  lone  grave  on  the  west  side  of  the 
railroad  track.  This  is  the  resting  place  of  a  Confederate 
soldier,  who  was  buried  on  the  spot  where  he  fell.  A  neat 
marble  headstone  has  been  placed  over  the  grave,  with  the 
following  inscription: 

AN 

UNKNOWN  HERO 

HE  DIED  FOR  THE  CAUSE 
HE   THOUGHT   WAS   RIGHT 

The  track  hands  of  the  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad  have 
this  grave  under  their  special  charge,  and  have  made  attention 
to  it  a  sacred  duty. 

The  Marietta  Journal  thus  touchingly  refers  to  this  memo- 
rial: 

"He  was  some  mother's  darling,  and  perhaps  when  the 
cruel  war  was  over,  she  wiped  her  tear-bedimmed  eyes  and 
through  her  spectacles  watched  for  the  coming  of  her  soldier 
boy,  but  he  came  not.  Still  she  prayed  and  gazed  down  the 
road  and  scanned  the  face  of  every  passer-by;  every  footstep 
that  sounded  on  the  walk  her  eager  ears  caught  up  with  ex- 
pectancy; her  heart  beat  faster  and  thrilled  with  hope;  her 
eyes  kindled  with  joy;  her  wrinkled  face  lighted  up  with  a 
smile,  and  her  old  arms,  no  doubt,  involuntarily  went  out  to 
clasp  to  her  bosom  her  darling  boy;  but  she  was  doomed  to 
disappointment;  it  was  her  neighbor's  boy  who  had  returned, 
and  not  her's;  and  sadly  she  turned  back  to  her  old  arm  chair 
by  the  window;  she  choked  down  the  heart  sobs  and  cleared 
away  the  unbidden  tears  and  wondered  why  her  boy  did  not 
come.  No  tidings  came  of  his  whereabouts.  She  did  not 
know  that  the  boy  whom  she  saw  proudly  leave  home  in  his 
new  suit  of  gray,  in  response  to  his  country's  call,  at  that 
moment  filled  an  unknown  grave.  Perhaps,  after  many  years 
of  waiting,  she  too  has  gone  over  the  river  to  death,  and, 
with  her  boy,  will  be  a  shadowy  witness  of  the  erection  of 
the  headstone  to  the  memory  of  'An  Unknown  Hero'." 


48 


^teJT 


HOW  BEST  TO  REACH 
THE  BATTLEFIELDS  IN  DIXIE  LAND 

AND 
CHICKAMAUGA  NATIONAL  PARKS 

Dixie  Land  need  not  to  be  interpreted  to  any  American, 
and  the  Dixie  Flyer  Route  as  the  through  train  route  of  the 
Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railway  has  become  about 
as  familiar.  It  is  the  most  direct  route,  as  well  as  the  most 
traveled  route  through  the  southern  battlefields  between  Chi- 
cago, St.  Louis  and  Florida.  All  the  interesting  territory,  so 
real  in  scenic  attractions  and  historic  interest,  as  well  as  the 


A  Splendid  Roadway — Leading  Through  a  Picturesque  and 
Historic  Region — Carries  Dixie  Flyer  Route  Trains 

49 


multitude  of  resorts  in  Florida  and  Cuba,  are  best  reached  by 
this  route  over  which  the  Dixie  Flyer  and  Dixie  Limited,  two 
solid  all-steel,  through  trains,  are  operated  the  year  around. 
Their  long  continued  popularity  is  sufficient  recommendation 
to  all  who  may  be  contemplating  a  trip  to  Dixie  Land  or  to 
the  playgrounds  of  Florida. 

A  few  facts  in  regard  to  the  route  and  places  of  interest 
en  route  will  be  of  value  to  the  prospective  traveler.  The 
Dixie  Flyer  is  so  scheduled,  both  northbound  and  southbound, 
as  to  pass,  in  daylight,  through  the  battlefields,  also  Nash- 
ville, Chattanooga  (with  Chickamauga  Park  near  by)  and 
Atlanta — the  land  where  nature  lavished  beauty  and  war 
made  history. 

The  Dixie  Flyer  and  the  Dixie  Limited  trains  are  solid,  all- 
steel,  through  trains,  consisting  of  Pullman  equipment  of  the 
latest  pattern,  built  especially  for  the  service  between  Chi- 
cago, St.  Louis  and  Florida,  and  includes  every  variety  of  car 
familiar  to  the  luxury-loving  American  traveling  public,  in- 
cluding observation  cars  with  all  the  latest  devices  for  com- 
fort, luxury  and  convenience.  Sleepers  have  semi-private 
built-out  sections,  drawing-rooms  and  compartments.  Coaches 
are  modern,  with  seats  designed  to  give  the  maximum  comfort. 

The  dining  car  service  of  the  Dixie  Flyer  Route,  famed  for 
its  southern  cooking,  is  regarded  by  many  widely-traveled 
patrons  as  the  best  and  finest  in  America. 


lrate  Battery  at  Missionary  Ridge,  Overlooking 
Chattanooga 


yo 


Tennessee's  Historic  Capitol  Building 


SOME  POINTS  OF  INTEREST  ON  THE  WAY 

Nashville,  Tennessee: 

Nashville,  the  capital  of  Tennessee,  is  in  the  heart  of  the 
famous  blue  grass  section,  the  central  part  of  the  state.  It 
lies  in  the  beautiful  rolling  valley  of  the  Cumberland  River. 
During  the  Civil  War,  Nashville  formed  an  important  base 
of  operations  for  the  Federal  army.  After  the  fall  of  Fort 
Donelson,  the  city  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Federal  forces 
March  8,  1862.  After  the  battle  of  Franklin,  General  Hood, 
of  the  Confederate  forces,  moved  on  the  city  and  posted  his 
army  on  the  beautiful  range  of  hills  south  of  the  city,  where 
he  was  attacked  by  General  Thomas  on  December  15,  1864. 
Both  armies  were  icebound  in  and  around  Nashville  for  a 
week  previous  to  that  great  battle.  The  lines  and  redoubts  of 
the  old  fortifications  are  still  very  distinct.  The  most  important 
points  of  interest  in  and  around  Nashville  are:  The  state 
capitol  (of  Grecian  architecture),  the  statue  of  General  An- 
drew Jackson,  the  tomb  of  President  and  Mrs.  Polk,  the 
statue  of  Sam  Davis  (a  Confederate  scout  who  died  a  mar- 
tyr's death  on  the  gallows),  Fort  Negley.  Within  a  few  miles 
of  the  city  is  The  Hermitage — the  historic  home  of  President 
Andrew  Jackson — where  La  Fayette,  Aaron  Burr  and  many 

51 


notable  men  of  history  were  sheltered.  The  house  contains  the 
furniture  of  the  first  owner,  and  it  is  a  point  of  historic  im- 
portance with  Mt.  Vernon,  the  home  of  George  Washington. 
Nashville,  the  educational  center  of  the  South,  has  a  number 
of  beautiful  parks.  In  one  of  them  stands  a  faithful  reproduc- 
tion of  the  Athenian  Parthenon,  the  only  one  extant. 

Leaving  Nashville,  the  line  of  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga 
&  St.  Louis  Railway  runs  through  a  section  of  country  pos- 
sessing rare  scenic  beauty  and  genuine  historic  interest.  The 
first  point  of  importance  is  Murfreesboro,  one  of  the  oldest 
towns  in  the  South.  Within  two  miles  of  Murfreesboro  at 
Stone's  River,  was  fought  one  of  the  fiercest  battles  of  the 
Civil  War.  A  beautiful  national  cemetery  on  the  battlefield 
may  be  seen  from  the  train.     The  crossing  of  the  Cumberland 


The  Hermitage,  Home  of  Andrew  Jackson,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

Mountains  is  a  grand  panoramic  picture  and  the  surrounding 
hills  are  full  of  the  interest  of  romantic  legend  forever  asso- 
ciated and  bound  up  with  the  past  of  the  Nation. 

At  Whiteside,  Tenn.,  grand  Lookout  Mountain  is  first 
brought  into  distinct  view,  the  tracks  of  the  Nashville,  Chat- 
tanooga &  St.  Louis  Railway  passing  right  at  the  foot  of  this 
historic  mountain.  At  the  foot  of  the  mountain  and  to  the 
left  of  the  tracks  of  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis 
Railway  is  the  Tennessee  River,  forming,  in  its  convolution, 
Moccasin  Bend,  so  called  from  the  similarity  of  the  land 
within  the  bend  to  an  Indian  moccasin.  Chattanooga,  situ- 
ated in  a  loop  made  by  the  river,  may  be  seen  from  the  foot 
of  the  mountain. 

52 


Craven's  House  and  Monument,  on  the  Slope 
i,  of  Lookout  Mountain 

Chattanooga,  Tennessee: 

A  city  with  a  background  of  history  and  romance,  the 
history  of  a  terrific  Civil  War;  the  romance  of  the  old  South; 
and  in  addition  to  all  its  fine  traditions,  a  thriving  modern 
city,  affording  in  a  fashion  so  characteristic  of  southern  cities, 
every  conceivable  convenience.  Here  are  spots  of  rare  scenic 
and  historic  interest:     Signal  Mountain,  Lookout  Mountain, 


Orchard  Knob,  Showing  Illinois  and  Other  Monuments. 
Here  General  Grant  Made  His  Headquarters 

5  3 


Wilder  Monument  Florida  Monument 

A  FEW  OF  THE  CHICKAMAUGA  BATTLE  MEMORIALS 


54 


Lookout  Mountain  Is  Also  Reached  by  a  Thrilling  Ride 
Up  an  Incline  Railway 


Missionary  Ridge,  Chickamauga,  Moccasin  Bend — a  score  of 
others. 

Chattanooga  of  today  is  a  modern  city,  although  it  has 
all  the  alluring  atmosphere  of  the  old  South.  Many  of  the 
old-time  sights  are  still  extant,  and,  above  all,  the  courtesy 
and  hospitality  of  the  by-gone  generations  remain  to  add 
charm  to  the  city,  the  mecca  of  tourists  in  the  sunny  South. 

Situated  among  the  foothills  of  Lookout  and  Signal  moun- 
tains and  Missionary  Ridge,  it  enjoys  a  climate  that  is  unsur- 
passed. Statistics  show  that  this  city  is  one  of  the  healthiest 
in  the  world,  outlined  by  mountains,  formed  by  the  purest 
ozone,  and  filled  with  crystal  springs  of  health-giving  water. 

Many  historic  spots  are  to  be  found  in  and  around  Chatta- 
nooga. There  is  the  Craven's  House,  which  served  as  the 
Confederate  headquarters  prior  to  the  Battle  of  the  Clouds, 
and  was  considered  a  very  important  position,  and  known 
during  the  war  as  the  key  to  the  whole  Lookout  Mountain. 

55 


-Scene  in  Chickamauga  Park.     2 — Missionary  Ridge.    Here  Gen- 
eral Bragg  Made  His  Headquarters.     3 — Brotherton  House — 
Another  Famous  Spot  on  Chickamauga  Battlefield 


J  6 


Snodgrass  Hill,  Lee  and  Gordon's  Hill,  Orchard  Knob,  Tunnel 
Hill,  are  among  the  interesting  landmarks. 

Missionary  Ridge,  six  miles  in  length,  is  situated  on  the 
east  side  of  the  city.  A  beautiful  series  of  views  of  the  coun- 
try on  either  side  is  obtained,  as  the  automobiles  or  modern 
street  cars  run  for  three  miles  on  the  crest  of  the  Ridge, 
passing  over  much  of  the  ground  which  was  the  scene  of  the 
assault  of  the  Ridge  by  Union  forces  under  Grant  in  1863. 

Orchard  Knob  was  the  site  of  General  Grant's  head- 
quarters in  1863-64  and  is  now  studded  with  a  group  of 
fine  monuments.  The  national  cemetery,  owned  and  cared 
for  by  the  government,  covers  an  area  of  over  100  acres,  and 
within  its  gates  over  14,000  Union  dead  are  buried. 

The  Confederate  cemetery,  situated  on  East  Fifth  Street, 
is  a  beautiful  spot,  maintained  by  the  Daughters  of  the  Con- 
federacy.     Within    its    boundaries    are    buried    about    1,250 


WISCONSIN  CAVALRY  MONUMENT,  CHICKAMAUGA  PARK 

In  a  charge  of  this  troop,  the  rider  of  this  horse  was  shot  down  from  his 

horse,  but  the  horse  continued  the  charge 


57 


Confederate  soldiers  and  many  memorial  tablets  of  bronze  bear 
their  names. 

Lookout  Mountain: 

Impressive,  rugged — is  so  located  as  to  be  the  principal 
vantage  point  from  which  to  view  the  picturesque  Chatta- 
nooga region.  With  no  other  consideration  than  love  of 
nature  and  scenic  views,  no  one  can  see  from  Lookout  the 
matchless  scenery  spread  out  below  without  a  thrill  of  ad- 
miration, and  thanks  that  he  is  afforded  such  an  opportunity 
to  witness  the  bounties  of  nature.  The  eminence  on  which 
he  stands,  rising  abruptly  from  the  valley  and  from  the  very 
edge  of  the  Tennessee  River,  commands  an  entrancing  view 
of  Chattanooga,  the  broad  curves  of  the  stream,  Moccasin 
Bend,  one  of  the  most  sublime  scenes  on  the  American  con- 
tinent, Signal  Mountain,  Raccoon  Mountain,  Missionary  Ridge, 
other  heights  and  expanses  of  rolling  country  as  far  as  the  eye 
or  glass  can  carry. 

On  top  of  Lookout  Mountain  is  Fairyland,  the  South's  most 
beautiful  mountain  residence  community. 

The  magnificent  Lookout  Mountain  Hotel,  facing  both  east 
and   west  brows  of  Lookout  Mountain  and  towering   to  the 


Lookout  Mountain — Tennessee  River 
58 


skies  on  the  highest  point  of  this  vast,  undisturbed  beauty  spot 
is  now  under  construction. 

Signal  Mountain: 

Just  forty-five  minutes  from  the  N.,  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 
depot,  at  Chattanooga,  is  handsome  Signal  Mountain  Inn, 
which  crowns  the  summit  of  this  beautiful  and  romantic 
mountain  by  that  name.  It  is  reached  by  the  most  up-to-date 
interurban  car  line  in  the  South.  The  scenery  from  the  cars 
as  they  go  up  the  mountain  and  from  Signal  Point,  cannot  be 
surpassed  anywhere,  with  the  Tennessee  River  on  one  side  and 
the  Palisades  on  the  other.  The  car  winds  its  way  to  a  height 
of  2,000  feet  above  the  sea  with  a  continual  shifting  pano- 
rama of  beautiful  landscapes. 

In  addition  to  the  trolley  cars,  the  hotel  may  be  reached 
by  automobile  over  a  fine  boulevard  along  which  there  are 
many  exciting  drives,  augmented  by  mountain  and  river 
scenes  which  are  magnificent  and  thrilling. 

Chickamauga  National  Park: 

Chickamauga  Park,  10  miles  south  of  Chattanooga,  now 
owned  by  the  United  States  government,  covers  an  area  of 
more  than  6,000  acres.  It  was  on  this  field  that  the  impor- 
tant three  days'  battle  of  Chickamauga  was  fought,  and  which 
was  recorded  as  being  the  bloodiest  in  history.  The  park  is 
kept  in  its  natural  state,  many  of  the  old  frame  buildings 
being  preserved  as  they  existed  during  the  engagements. 
Over  2,000  monuments,  tablets  and  markers  have  been  erected 
by  the  government  and  various  states,  which  help  toward  a 
clearer  understanding  of  the  battles.  Lines  of  battle,  spots 
where  officers  were  killed,  and  other  points  of  interest  are 
designated,  the  study  of  which  can  be  followed  with  much 
interest  for  several  days. 

Everywhere  are  interesting  relics  of  the  "Battle  Above  the 
Clouds"  on  the  summit  of  Lookout  Mountain,  and  General 
Bragg's  headquarters  on  Missionary  Ridge,  commemorating 
these  most  formidable  natural  fortresses.  Cannon  similar  to 
those  used  at  the  battle  are  in  the  exact  position  that  they 
occupied  during  the  battle.  Numerous  steel  towers  have  also 
been  erected  upon  the  tops  of  which  the  whole  plain,  the 
ridge  and  the  mountains  are  spread  in  comprehensive  array. 

Fort  Oglethorpe,  regimental  cavalry  post,  designated  for 
a  brigade  post,  lies  immediately  to  the  north,  and  is  the  best 
cavalry  training  center  in  this  country.     In  both  recent  wars 

$9 


60 


Chickamauga,  hallowed  by  events  of  Civil  strife,  has  been 
largely  used  for  mobilization  and  training  when  the  nation 
was  engaged  with  foreign  foes.  A  trip  through  this  beautiful 
park,  with  its  many  fine  driveways,  will  be  remembered  as  one 
of  the  most  interesting  you  have  ever  taken. 

One  of  the  great  attractions  of  Chattanooga  is  the  sight- 
seeing automobile  trips  which  are  made  to  all  points  of  interest 
at  convenient  hours. 

Tour  to  Lookout  Mountain  and  Other  Points: 

The  trip  includes  Jonah's  Bluff,  Point  Park,  Point  Rock,  Umbrella 
Rock,  and  other  historical  points,  including  the  summit  of  Lookout  Moun- 
tain. Many  historical  relics  may  be  seen  at  the  museum  on  the  mountain. 
This  is  one  of  the  most  fascinating  sightseeing  trips  in  the  entire  country. 

Three-hour  tour,  $1.50. 

Tour  to  Chickamauga  Battlefields: 

The  tour  to  the  battlefields  of  Chickamauga,  Missionary  Ridge,  Fort 
Oglethorpe,  National  Cemetery,  and  other  points,  is  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant and  interesting  trips  around  Chattanooga. 

Three-hour  tour,  $1.50. 

From  Chattanooga  the  route  is  over  the  old  Western  & 
Atlantic  Railroad,  now  a  part  of  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga 
&  St.  Louis  Railway,  and  is  the  exact  route  followed  by  Gen- 
eral Sherman's  army  on  its  way  through  Georgia  and  its  later 
march  to  the  sea.  Along  the  entire  distance  are  the  battle- 
fields of  that  and  other  important  campaigns  of  the  Civil  War 
as  described  herein. 

Atlanta,  Georgia: 

Atlanta  is  beautifully  located  near  the  foothills  of  the 
Blue  Ridge  Mountains.  It  is  the  capital  of  Georgia,  which  is 
the  largest  state  east  of  the  Mississippi  River. 


Bustling  Atlanta  Today 
61 


Atlanta  bounds  in  modern  skyscrapers,  impressive  build- 
ings, magnificent  hoteis  and  restaurants,  fine  stores  and  shops, 
city  clubs  and  places  of  interest.  Alluring  boulevards  lead 
out  through  beautiful  residential  districts  to  parks  and  open 
country  and  noted  battlefields. 

Among  the  interesting  sights  of  the  city  are  the  state 
capitol,  a  beautiful  structure;  the  old  Home  Place  of  Uncle 
Remus,  familiarly  known  as  "Sign  of  the  Wren's  Nest";  resi- 
dence of  Joel  Chandler,  the  only  replica  of  the  poet's  home  in 
Scotland;  and  Stone  Mountain,  the  largest  solid  block  of 
granite  in  the  world,  sixteen  miles  east  of  Atlanta,  one  of 
the  nation's  wonders. 

i       i       1 

ENGINE  "GENERAL" 

The  famous  engine  "General,"  which  played  such  an  im- 
portant part  of  the  Civil  War,  has  been  sent  to  Chattanooga 
by  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railway  and  given 
a  prominent  place  in  the  Union  Depot,  where  it  will  remain 
as  a  permanent  monument  to  American  valor. 


Engine  "General,"  Now  on  Permanent  Exhibition  in  Union  Depot, 
Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  with  Six  of  the  Survivors  of  the  Famous  An- 
drew's Raid.  Reading  Left  to  Right — D.  A.  Dorsey,  J.  R.  Porter, 
Jacob  Parrott,  W.  J.  Knight,  Anthony  Murphy,  ¥m.  Bensinger. 
Photograph  Taken  in  September,  1906 


62 


On  the  morning  of  April  12,  1862,  Captain  W.  A.  Fuller 
left  Atlanta  in  charge  of  the  passenger  train  on  the  Western 
&  Atlantic  Railroad.  When  he  reached  Marietta  a  party  of 
strangers,  dressed  in  citizens'  clothes,  boarded  the  train  and 
paid  their  fares  to  different  points.  They  claimed  to  be  refu- 
gees from  the  Yankee  lines  joining  the  Confederate  army, 
but  were  disguised  soldiers,  volunteers  from  Sill's  brigade, 
Mitchell's  corps,  U.  S.  A.,  commanded  by  James  J.  Andrews, 
a  citizen  of  Flemingsburg,  Ky. 

At  Big  Shanty  the  train  stopped  for  breakfast,  and  most 
of  the  passengers  and  train  crew  left  the  train.  The  pas- 
sengers had  taken  their  seats  at  the  table,  Captain  Fuller 
facing  the  train.  He  saw  through  the  window  some  strangers 
get  on  the  engine  in  an  excited  manner  and  start  off  rapidly. 
He  remarked  to  his  engineer,  Jeff  Cain,  and  Anthony  Murphy, 
then  foreman  of  the  Western  &  Atlantic  shops,  that  "Some- 
one who  has  no  right  to  do  so  has  gone  off  with  our  train." 
All  three  arose  and  hurried  out  of  the  house,  just  as  the  engine 
passed  out  of  sight. 

Captain  Fuller,  Murphy  and  Cain  commenced  pursuit  on 
foot.  They  soon  secured  a  hand-car,  and,  in  spite  of  the  ob- 
structions placed  on  the  track  by  the  raiders,  made  rapid 
progress.  At  Etowah  they  found  the  engine  "Yonah,"  and 
the  pursuit  then  was  at  such  a  rapid  pace  that  serious  damage 
to  the  railroad  by  the  raiders  was  impossible. 

The  "General"  was  abandoned  by  the  raiders  at  a  point 
about  half-way  between  Ringgold  and  Graysville,  on  account 
of  lack  of  fuel  and  the  close  pursuit  of  Fuller  and  his  party. 
When  the  fugitives  abandoned  the  engine  their  leader  said, 
"Everyone  take  care  of  himself,"  and  they  left  in  squads. 
Four  of  them  were  run  down  in  the  fork  of  the  Chickamauga 
River  at  Graysville,  and  one  was  forciblv  persuaded  to  tell 
who  they  were.  The  militia,  mounted  on  fresh  horses,  scoured 
the  woods  that  afternoon  and  in  a  few  days  the  last  of  the 
fugitives  were  captured.  Later  there  was  a  trial  by  military 
court,  and  eight  of  the  number  were  executed  in  Atlanta  as 
spies,  six  were  paroled  at  City  Point,  Va.,  and  eight  escaped 
from  prison  at  Atlanta. 

The  object  of  the  raid  was  to  burn  the  bridges  on  the  line 
of  the  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad  and  thus  cut  off  the 
Confederate  army  from  its  base  of  supplies.  There  were 
twenty-two  men  engaged  in  the  enterprise,  twenty  from  Ohio 
and  two  from  Kentucky.  They  were  to  receive  $60,000  in 
the  event  of  success.     Prominent  among  the  pursuers  were: 

63 


N.  White  Smith,  Steve  Stokely,  Peter  Bracken,  F.  Cox,  A. 
Martin,  H.  Haney. 

For  a  detailed  history  of  the  raid  of  Captain  Andrews  and 
men,  resulting  in  the  capture  and  recapture  of  the  "General," 
write  W.  I.  Lightfoot,  General  Passenger  Agent,  N.  C.  &  St. 
L.  Ry.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 


MONUMENTS  TO  THE  "GENERAL" 

The  survivors  of  the  Andrews'  Raiders  have  erected  a 
monument  to  their  fallen  comrades,  and  it  stands  today  in 
the  National  Cemetery  at  Chattanooga. 

Two  monuments,  with  tablets,  have  also  been  erected  by 
the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railway,  one  marking 
the  spot  at  which  the  "General"  was  captured  and  the  other 
where  it  was  abandoned.  A  tablet  has  also  been  erected  in 
front  of  the  "General"  in  the  Union  Depot,  Chattanooga, 
Tenn. 


NATIONAL  CEMETERIES 

On  Line  of  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railway 
and  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad 


Showing  number  of  interments,  in  each,  as  recorded  in  War  Department 


LOCATION  OF  CEMETERY 

INTERMENTS 

NAME                                    POST  OFFICE 

KNOWN 

UNKNOWN 

total 

Chattanooga,  Tenn.  .Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

Marietta,  Ga Marietta,  Ga 

Memphis,  Tenn Memphis,  Tenn .... 

Nashville,  Tenn Madison,  Tenn 

Stone's  River,  Tenn. .  Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 

8,038 
7,195 
5,163 
11,832 
3,811 

4,963 
2,963 
8,818 
4,701 

2,334 

13,001 
10,158 
13,981 
16,533 
6,145 

For  additional  copies  of  this  booklet,  write  to 

W.  I.  Lightfoot,  General  Passenger  Agent 

The  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railway, 

Nashville,  Tenn. 


Printed  in  U.  S.  A.  (January,  1928 


POOLE    BROS.    INC..   CHICAGO 


